Application of psychological theories at the Queens Hospital

Abstract This report analyses the application of psychological theories at the Queens Hospital where I was on placement as a Health Care Assistant. Health psychology takes into consideration the context of individuals’ lives, beliefs, behaviours and other risk factors in order to achieve the desired objectives, which in this case is to provide the best ways of attending to the patients. The hospital uses the biopsychosocial model, psychoanalytical and the task oriented approaches in offering psychological care to the patients. All the three approaches emphasise the idea of ensuring that the patient is the centre of all actions in order to engage them as much as possible in the treatment process. Introduction Picano (2009, p. 44) suggests that in the past the medical practitioners regarded psychology and other social sciences as unimportant soft sciences in the medical profession. However this notion slowly changed as scholars started linking psychology to the well being of both physical and mental health. This paper explores the linkage between psychological theory and practice at the Queens Hospital. I worked as a health care assistant and was a vital part of the team that supported the medical staff and patients in wards and departments throughout the hospital. I had direct links to both the patients and the medical staff and as such I was able to observe the interactions between the patients and other medical staff. As the first point of contact for many patients and members of the public, healthcare assistants need to be well-presented and confident with good interpersonal skills. Some of the tasks are unpleasant and needs flexibility to able to help patients with their personal care without getting embarrassed and making sure they are comfortable. Achieving this requires application of psychological theories into practice in order to be able to offer the best care to the patients in medical settings. Psychological theories Segal & Hersen (2010, p. 47) define psychology as the study of human behavior, emotions and thought processes. Psychological theories if well applied contribute greatly to understanding other people and developing functional relationships. Robins (2007, p. 28) suggests that health psychology is the application of these psychological theories and research in the promotion of evidenced based health. Nevid (2009, p. 33) claims that health psychology takes into consideration the context of individuals’ lives, beliefs, behaviours and other risk factors in order to achieve the desired objectives, which in this case is to provide the best ways of attending to the patients. It is for this reason that it is important for all healthcare personnel to have some psychological knowledge so that they can know how to attend to the patients in the best possible way. The patients come from varied social and cultural backgrounds valuing certain behaviours and beliefs over others. Walker (2007, p . 36) claims that this may place more risk or less risk of illness than the others. In this case therefore, some sociological knowledge is equally essential to the healthcare practitioners. In the same way, some knowledge of biomedical sciences is critical in the comprehension of the link between physiological and psychological process (Hefferon & Boniwell, 2011, p. 67). Therefore, psychology complements these other disciplines in making important contributions to the well being of the patients. Psychology is important to health and social care because health care professionals spend most of their time interacting with the patients. An important aspect of their job is to encourage and promote the well being of the patients and those around them. Before going further into the discussion, it is important to first define the meaning of health in order to be able to bring out the importance of psychology to the discipline clearly. Irwin & Rippe, (2008, p. 18) define health as a state of complete social, physical and mental well being and not just the absence of infirmity or disease. This is an important goal to health care professionals working in health and social care and it is the reason why they need the knowledge and skills to help them work toward their achievement. Psychological theories and research contributes to the improvement of health and social care through appreciation of other people’s feelings in order to offer them individualised care. Patterson & Lipschitz (2008, p. 44) claim that health care is among the most complicated services because it faces the challenge of client diversity and need variability. Patients come to the hospital with different needs caused by many different diseases; some of them adhere to the requirements of behavioural change while others don’t. In addition to this, some patients do not even finish taking the prescribed drugs which makes the treatment process more difficult for the doctors and nurses. In addit ion to this it also faces huge pressure from other factors because the whole process occurs around beds and wards. The health care professionals operate in an abstract world and are faced by both psychological and social forces guiding them from the point of admitting the patients to administration of treatment. They attend to patients with different psychological needs and as such must be well equipped with psychological theories in order to attend to them in the best possible ways. Patterson & Lipschitz (2008, p. 24) assert that while all health care issues have their own controversies and debates, at times moments of transient consensus often occur. This stems from the fact that the role of patients in medical settings have gradually changed along environmental and social lines in the western society over the years. The major changes include aspects like consistent erosion of the previously perceived omnipotence of physicians, increase acceleration of information exchange, and in creased awareness of the rights of the patients. Greenberg (2007, p. 22) suggests that the prevalent situation in most hospitals today is the partnership model that is acceptable to both the providers and the patients. These patients no longer play passive roles as recipients of medical procedures but are actively involved in deciding the clinical decisions affecting them. Ninivaggi (2010, p. 17) asserts that this new arrangement raises ethical issues in the determination of best interests and delegation of authority to the relevant personnel to pursue them. Psychology seeks to understand and explain why people behave in certain ways both as individuals and in groups. It does not only seek to understand and predict behaviour but also looks into ways of changing them in order to improve the quality of life. This is closely linked to what the medical practitioners do as they also seek to understand the behaviour of the patients, treat them and then direct them on healthy living practi ces. Medical practitioners often employ psychological theories in the dispensation of their duties because medical care has its foundations in psychology, sociology and biology (Marini, Glover-Graf, & Millington, 2012, p. 30). Theory provides the medical personnel with the framework and goals for assessment, diagnosis and intervention. For instance the nurses working at the hospital focused on the aspects of care that are holistic in nature for more effective judgment of different patient situations and conditions. The goals of care helped the nurses by providing a checklist by which the services that they provide are measured against. In deed Walker (2007, p. 65) says that theory is an effective tool that renders practice more efficient through comparing the outcomes against the set goals and then providing mechanisms for rectifying problems as soon as they are detected. Application of psychological theories at the hospital As a health care assistant I was many times faced with the challenge of choosing the appropriate theory or set of theories to apply in any given circumstances. This was not an easy decision because I realised that selection of only one theory in a certain circumstance would have placed restrictions on practice and probably led to inefficiencies. It is for this reason that I relied heavily on theory adoption where I took a theory and then altered it to suit the situation where I was applying it and in other cases I had to use it alongside another one. I learned that most of the patients were going through intense stress as a result of their illnesses. Some of the patients adjusted well to their new conditions whereas others developed some form of psychological disorders secondary to their physical diseases especially for those that were unable to do basic things like going to the toilet and bathing. In addition to this, some patients also showed physical symptoms for which there is no significant medical explanations and most of them were as a result of unrecognised psychological problems. I was able to learn from the nurses and other hospital staff as I realised that they were applying psychological theories in dealing with the stressed patients. They used the biopsychosocial model to explain to me the reasons why the patients were stressed. This was a very resourceful tool in the assessment of psychological stress among the patients in the hospital. The model included both environmental parameters and personal processes of perception and being able to cope with the different stress factors at the hospital. Greenberg (2007, p. 30) claims that the effects of stress have a positive correlation to coping. Coping in this case as defined by the Lazarus theory is constantly changing both cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage the existent taxing demands of the internal or external environment (Pickren & Rutherford, 2010, p. 52). The doctors and nurses encouraged dialogue with the patients because they considered it an important aspect in the management of psychological and psychiatric elements of physical ill health. Greenberg (2009, p. 67) suggests that this relationship is beneficial to both the medical team and the patients. It is very important for patients particularly for those with serious physical and psychological problems to have a more personal relationship with the nurses and doctors in order to create and sustain a therapeutic relationship for better health care delivery (Sitzman & Eichelberger, 2011, p. 94). This will be helpful for the health care personnel to identify the patients that need psychological treatment in good time and offer immediate attention to help them cope with the mental problems. The doctor patient relationship is explained by two other approaches which are the psychoanalytical and the task oriented approaches (Bekerian & Levey 2012, p. 31). All the approaches emphasise the idea of ensuring that the pati ent is the centre of all actions in order to engage them as much as possible in the treatment process. Greenberg (2007, p. 32) says that these approaches demand that for an effective treatment to be achieved there has to be an efficient partnership and information sharing between the patients and the doctors. Nevid (2012, p. 89) says that the information has to flow both ways in order to improve the clinical outcomes through cognitive (knowledge), behavioural (adherence to advice) and affective (satisfaction). Indeed the application of psychological theories at the hospital was beyond what I had imagined it will be at first. I observed that the patients were mostly able to recall more information when they were satisfied. The non cooperative patients seemed to remember less information and the hospital staff in most cases had to offer them specialised care. Good communication was also maintained among the clinicians to ensure that the information flowing to the patients was consiste nt in order to eliminate any possibility of conflicting information reaching the patients. This was important because any conflicting information would have left the patients wondering who to believe and this would have even made things worse for them. Conclusion Application of psychological theories in medical settings is an important aspect of the treatment process because the patients need to be attended to psychology as well. As indicated in the paper some patients find it difficult to cope with their new conditions in the hospital and go to the extent of developing mental disorders as a result. This is the reason why the hospital made use of psychological theories in understanding their behaviour and condition in order to be able to attend to them efficiently. This is a big lesson that I learned from my placement at the Queens Hospital and I will apply it once I start working in the hospital. I am now aware of the fact that ignoring the psychological needs of the patients places them at an increased risk of developing psychological disorders and as such will always apply psychological theories in communicating with them in order to know how they feel and the best possible ways of attending to them.ReferencesBekerian, D. A., & Levey, A. B . (2012). Applied psychology: Putting theory into practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Greenberg, T. M. C. (2007). The psychological impact of acute and chronic illness: A practical guide for primary care physicians. New York: Springer. Greenberg, T. M. C. (2009). Psychodynamic perspectives on aging and illness. Dordrech: Springer. Hefferon, K., & Boniwell, I. (2011). Positive psychology: Theory, research and applications. Maidenhead, Berkshire, England: Open University Press. Irwin, R. S., & Rippe, J. M. (2008). Irwin and Rippe’s intensive care medicine. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Marini, I., Glover-Graf, N. M., & Millington, M. J. (2012). Psychosocial aspects of disability: Insider perspectives and counseling strategies. New York: Springer Pub. Nevid, J. S. (2009). Psychology: Concepts and applications. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Nevid, J. S. (2012). Essentials of psychology: Concepts and applications. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Ninivaggi, F. J. (2010). Envy theory: Perspectives on the psychology of envy. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Patterson, J. A., & Lipschitz, I. N. (2008). Psychological counseling research focus. New York: Nova Science Publishers. Picano, E. (2009). Stress echocardiography: [CD-ROM included]. Berlin: Springer. Pickren, W. E., & Rutherford, A. (2010). A history of modern psychology in context. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley. Robins, R. W. (2007). Handbook of research methods in personality psychology. New York: Guilford. Segal, D. L., & Hersen, M. (2010). Diagnostic interviewing. New York: Springer. Sitzman, K., & Eichelberger, L. W. (2011). Understanding the work of nurse theorists: A creative beginning. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Walker, J. (2007). Psychology for nurses and the caring professions. Maidenhead, Berkshire: Open University Press

Prince Metternich

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Healthy Living

Ms. Black Anat-6 21 March 15, 2013 Healthy Living Many factors affect your health. Some you cannot control, such as your genetic makeup or your age, but you can make changes to your lifestyle. This book includes a population health approach and focuses on the various environments and settings which influence healthy living, such as nutrition, personal care and hygiene, physical fitness home environments.Both physical activity and healthy eating are essential to good health throughout life, to increase resiliency and to protect against disease and disability. They are needed to lower the risk of chronic diseases and promote optimal health. In children, sufficient levels of physical activity and healthy eating are essential for healthy growth and development. Firstly, by choosing healthy eating habit, people will gain many rewards. To have good nutrition, people should reduce the amount of fat and in particular, the amount of saturated fat.People should increase the intake of fibre-ric h, starchy foods, such as bread, potatoes, pasta and rice by half as much again, reduce the average salt intake by around one-third, and increase the amount of fish eaten to at least two portions each week, one of which should be an oily fish. Besides that, practicing good personal hygiene is smart for two reasons. First, it helps to prevent people from catching and spreading illness and disease. Second, it helps people feel good about themselves and their body.Then, being physically fitness not only helps people live healthy in lives, it also helps people live longer. The best way to keep physical activity and exercise a permanent part of one’s life is to make it fun and enjoyable. Finally, all of the issues that evolve out of the interaction between people and the environment fall under the umbrella of environment health. This book discusses the many different risks that threaten the environment as well as ways to protect the environment and those who live in it.

AT&T Introduction and Corporate Ethics Assignment

AT&T Introduction and Corporate Ethics - Assignment Example AT&T has consistently been providing its consumers with reliable, durable and most importantly creative products for more than a century. AT&T is popular as a principal provider of IP-based communications all over the world. Among all US wireless carriers, AT&T happens to offer the maximum international coverage and is the fastest network of mobile broadband in the US. AT&T phones function internationally. The number of the total broadband connections of AT&T also exceeds those of all other companies in the US. Presently, AT&T is making its way into the entertainment industry by expanding its video packages. AT&T is trying to include many prestigious TV services including AT&T DIRECTV. â€Å"It's part of our "three-screen" integration strategy to deliver services across the three screens people rely on most — the mobile device, the PC and the TV† (AT&T, 2011). The customer services provided by AT&T are remarkable. One of the most fundamental and essential the traditions of AT&T is innovation. Making use of its technology, in the year 1927, AT&T located its way to the first ever transatlantic phone call. The UNIX operating system developed by AT&T played a fundamental role in the development of the Internet. Many other operating systems like Linux that are presently in use worldwide were originally derived from the UNIX operating system. ... â€Å"Today, our mission is to connect people with their world, everywhere they live and work, and do it better than anyone else. We're fulfilling this vision by creating new solutions for consumers and businesses and by driving innovation in the communications and entertainment industry† (AT&T, 2011). AT&T’s Vision AT&T developed its network globally with a view to providing the networking specialists in the AT&T Labs with plenty of resources in order to make them better equipped for making the disparate systems function together. AT&T has become a standard for others to compare themselves within the capacity of the world’s most efficient, reliable and the fastest global network.     

TV over watch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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The UK economic crisis on businesses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The UK economic crisis on businesses - Essay Example The situation in the capital market was bad. The situation was further worsened by the fact that the housing loans were packaged as financial debt instruments and were sold in the capital markets. Companies around the world purchased the instruments and with the default of the loans, the instruments also became bad. Therefore, the economy overall was affected badly. (Walayat, 22nd August, 2007). The economy of the UK officially entered the recession with the decreased level of growth in two successive quarters. The Government and the banks helped the economy to face the tough situation with pumping in money and effecting rate cuts. This resulted in the Government borrowing money and thus was in a bad situation in the repayment of the loans. The companies were in a bad situation and they were looking to cut costs. There was huge job cutting among the companies and the unemployment reached massive levels. (Oxlade, 12th March, 2010; Bank warns of recession into 2009, 12th November, 2009 ). The recession was hard on the employees and the workers in different industries. The organizations restricted most of the benefits to the workers for cutting costs. A survey found that in the UK among a sample size of 704 organizations, 55% of the sample was planning to decrease the bonus and the pay or to freeze the process altogether. Among the sample size, 61% had no plans for recruiting new workers and 34% were contemplating on not recruiting the graduates. The labor market was in total disarray and the companies increased the off shoring process. The companies in order to cut costs were operating in flexible hours to allow the workers to work more. Bonus and incentives were not paid by most of the respondents. (Broughton, 10th August, 2009) . The situation was the same all over the world. Almost all the countries were more or less perturbed by the recession. Some of the major economies of the world were the most affected. In this paper, the countries of Japan and

American Revolution and Northern Southern Settlements in America ( Essay

American Revolution and Northern Southern Settlements in America ( 1600s-1700s - Essay Example Finally in 1765, the Stamp Act was passed, that required all printed materials in the colonies to have a revenue stamp on them, which would provide money to â€Å"secure, protect, and defend† the colonies. Though these laws were eventually repealed and replaced with the Townshend Acts in 1767, which placed taxes on goods that were imported to the colonies, the damage was done to relations between Britain and the colonies. Things continued to get worse for both sides. On December 16, 1773, men dressed as Mohawk Indians entered Boston Harbor and dumped all of the tea cargo on three ships. This was done in response to Britain allowing the East India Tea Company to not only gain a monopoly on tea, but also to bypass colonial wholesalers (Hamby 58). To retaliate and show their authority over the colonies, Britain passed the Coercive, or Intolerable Acts, which, among other things, closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for, along with rendering most local decision-making bodie s ineffective and requiring the governor to approve town meetings before they could be held. When the colonies did not quietly accept the taxes, more and more British troops were sent to the colonies.

International Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

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EMPLOYMENT AND DISCRIMINATION LAW 2009-10 Essay

EMPLOYMENT AND DISCRIMINATION LAW 2009-10 - Essay Example The test for less favourable treatment is clearly an objective one and the question that is to be asked is whether the complainant would have been treated differently more favourably had it not been for his sex. Thus, the tribunal must ask what the ‘conscious or subconscious reason for treating the claimant less favourably was’ (Nagarajan v. London Regional Transport)1. The decision of less favourable treatment is for the tribunal to decide and it is not a difficult one. In order to determine less favourable treatment, a comparison with an actual or hypothetical comparator is to be made, however it is necessary that the relevant circumstances of the complainant and the comparative group are same or not materially different. Thus, in Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary2, it was stated that From s.63A and Igen v Wong3 it is clear that the evidential burden to show facts from which Employment Tribunal can conclude that the employer has committed an act of discrimination and if such burden is met then the legal burden shifts to the employer who has to show that the reason for the treatment was not related in any way with claimant’s sex. Thus, if an inadequate explanation is provided the Employment Tribunal must fina that the employer committed an act of unlawful discrimination. In the current scenario it is quite evident that Graham has received less favourable treatment on the ground of his sex and this is clear from what has been said by IRU in their reason for rejecting Graham. Furthermore, if a hypothetical comparator is drawn then in the same circumstances a woman would have received more favourable treatment and thus direct discrimination is established. The remedies that might be available to Graham are a recommendation that IRU should take action so as to reduce the effect of the discrimination. Further, he could receive compensation which could include pecuniary losses if any and injury to feelings. For the

Tell the audience about how the technologies transform the society Term Paper

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Satire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Satire - Essay Example The Boy-animal brought the news from his spies posted in Washington that shocked Fox and Lion. America planned to destroy a forest area of about 100 sq. miles within its own country, which was known for its flora and fauna and habituated by a rich variety of animals, birds and rare insects. It planned to burn the entire forest to make its intentions clear and to give a crushing blow to the fighting will of the Animal Forum. The forest area was at a distance of about 5-6 miles from one of the important industrial and commercial hub of America with a population of more than a million. The forest was guarded by security and had many observation posts. On orders, all of them vacated their quarters and moved out of the forest area with apprehensions that something unusual was going to happen. The confirmed information was that the attack would take place after 72 hours at 18.00 hrs. The boy-animal reported, â€Å"Army personnel in plainclothes have encircled the area, for every 50 meters , one armed soldier has been posted and all of them at a specified time, will pour gallons of petrol on the borders of the forest and set it on fire. â€Å"Not a fly should escape and not a blade of grass should be left. If any animal tries to escape, open fire! The orders on â€Å"protected species,† are suspended forthwith. I would like to see a heap of ash in this forest area.† This was the order of the Commanding Officer. The fox and the lion huddled together for consultations. The time for resolute action was in the offing. â€Å"Let this country have the taste of the power of our counter-attack.† Fox and the Lion constituted a special task force of animals, and birds to launch an attack on the city a day before the action intended by the American Forces. The orders were â€Å"Each one of you will be given a specified task and the action plan will be delivered to you personally by the Boy-animal at the Forest Guard Resort, which has been vacated by the sec urity personnel. Your responsibilities have been defined and they are in tune with your nature. In addition, the impact of devastation that will happen with your combined and varied attacks would be so horrifying that no human being will ever think of attacking you. On conclusion of the war, await instructions to move to another forest. You will be escorted by bats at night.† The American Operation was codenamed as â€Å"Turn All and Burn All.† The Area Commander of the force had established his temporary headquarters in a Community, a distance of about 1000 meters from the forest. He was assisted by 4 commissioned officers and a platoon of dare-devil commandoes. The soldiers were devils by disposition as compared to their daring! These men had specialized in the art of inflicting cruelty on animals. Everything was ready twenty-four hours before the action would commence. Each soldier was provided with a sealed can of petrol to be emptied on the forest border on getting the signal for action. He would also remain battle-ready to shoot any creature that would try to escape from the forest. Fox had designated the Tiger to attack the commander and his force assisted by four big identical looking wild cats, to confuse the ranks, whether they are being attacked by one tiger or five. With a day to go for the operation, the commander and the soldiers were in a relaxed mood

The Purpose Of Life Is A Life Of Purpose Essay Example for Free

The Purpose Of Life Is A Life Of Purpose Essay In each one of us, there burns a soul destined for greatness. In every generation, a few are chosen to proven†¦ and sometimes, it happened while others are in the bathroom. Life: No one knows where it will take us. Is it our own decisions that guide us or does fate play a big role in dictating the road that we travel? Which course we will be steering? What twists we must endure? One thing is for certain; there is no certainty. No wait too long and everything can change in an instant. In a flash, the things we hold so close can disappear. Vanished like a lost thought. Lifelong trust can turn on you. Blind faith can betray you†¦ and the future you foresaw, gone. Life should be seen as an eternal process of joyous spiritual discovery and growth: in the beginning stages of earthly life, the individual undergoes a period of training and education which, if it is successful, gives him or her the basic intellectual and spiritual tools necessary for continued growth. When individuals attain physical maturity in adulthood, they become responsible for their further progress, which now depends entirely on the efforts they themselves make. Through the daily struggles of material existence, people gradually deepen their understanding of the spiritual principles underlying reality, and this understanding enables them to relate more effectively to themselves, to others, and to God. After physical death, the individual continues to grow and develop in the spiritual world, which is greater than the physical world, just as the physical world is greater than the world we inhabit while in our mothers womb. This last statement is based on the Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­ concept of the soul and of life after physical death . According to the Bahà ¡Ãƒ ­ teachings, the true nature of human beings is spiritual. Beyond the physical body, each human being has a rational soul, created by God. This soul is a nonmaterial entity, which does not depend on the body. Rather, the body serves as its vehicle in the physical world. The soul of an individual comes into being at the moment the physical body is conceived and continues to exist after the death of the physical body. The soul (also called the spirit) of the individual is the seat or locus of his  or her personality, self, and consciousness. The evolution or development of the soul and its capacities is the basic purpose of human existence. This evolution is towards God and its motive force is knowledge of God and love for Him. As we learn about God, our love for Him increases; and this, in turn, enables us to attain a closer communion with our Creator. Also, as we draw closer to God, our character becomes more refined and our actions reflect more and more the attributes and qualities of God. A life of purpose Do something important with your life, make a difference or make some kind of impact on your world. I think its the kind of thing you have to define for yourself though. Were all here for a reason, decide what your reason is. Sometimes my life feels pointless and I truly want to give up, but I think about my closest friends and their futures. The thought of that makes me want to see them become successful and start families. I feel like were here to learn lessons and to see how much we can make a difference. But from social views, I feel like were only here to leave impressions and to try to hold on to temporary fame and fortune forever. We are here on Earth because our souls have chosen to be born again from Heaven with a hope and free will to resist the evil temptation and ultimately enter the Kingdom of God from the 7 Churches/House of Righteousness of Jesus in Heaven. Life wouldnt exist without a purpose. Learning and passing on information to the next generation to make life easier is definitely one purpose. People will always argue about any other reason. i feel the purpose of life is to find God and i also believe that each moment of our life can be made enjoyable if we believe in God,some people say that they donot want to live,being fearful of God all the time.but the fact is u neednot fear anything else if u fear God,u r not afraid of darkness,nor of thunder lightning,not even Death,bcos u know that u are returning to God after life has been taken away from you.but God also created us so that  we can love Him and place our Fears and Hopes in Him.a person who firmly believes in God never doubts his existence,but,at some point or the other,the atheist calls outGod,if You Really are there,Please Help Me out. well,each person has his own belief.like each member of the family has different tastes and each person believes God in differently,its up to each of us to search till our Hearts find Rest,but the ultimate aim is always,Happiness Rather than having an aimless day-to-day existence, those who are truly successful find meaning and purpose in life. Their life is not founded on the unstable conditions of this system of things. Their goals lead to real and lasting satisfaction, as they are centered on the very purpose of life. What gives one purpose in life? â€Å"Fear the true God and keep his commandments. For this is the whole obligation of man.†Ã¢â‚¬â€Ecclesiastes 12:13. Hope: Having God as our Friend also gives us hope for the future. The apostle Paul urged Christians â€Å"to rest their hope, not on uncertain riches, but on God.† In this way, they would be â€Å"safely treasuring up for themselves a fine foundation for the future, in order that they may get a firm hold on the real life.† (1 Timothy 6:17-19) To have true purpose in life is to have a reason for living, a clear objective, and a focal point for our efforts. The fact that we are endowed with intelligence, conscience, and the ability to reason implies that the Creator had a good purpose in putting us here. Logically, therefore, we can find and fulfill our true purpose only by living in harmony with the Creator’s purpose. Making a difference, doing something of value, and having a purpose in life. They all stem from a common human need that doesnt disappear with age. However, the perception that youre making a difference may well decline sharply after the end of a career, and the close of a professional life with decades of rich experiences and relationships. And as we get older, our self-perceived worth can take another hit if people have trouble looking beyond our age when they interact with us. All too often, older people arent valued for what they can offer, and often arent even expected to participate in activities. Your intentions determine your actions, your actions inturn determine the road you take. Keep your actions constructive, long-term oriented, for the welfare of not only you but even others around and each will be a building block to another which in turn will automatically pave the path you take. Keep ambitions high yet actionable and within reach! One does not need to be on a constant hunt to determine the purpose of life, you are born and so there is a purpose decided by default. Just be open-minded, open to giving sharing, free learner and the purpose will come to you. As your life purpose and intentions become clearer, your life is bound to move more powerfully in the direction you want it to go. And you will be the master craftsmen of your own destiny. Every individual is born with purpose. If you see yourself that your presence on the planet is for the divine cause, it means that. The menifestation of your presence for the divine cause should be left to the universe. Let universe handle of journey on the planet. But believe me if you are born for divine cause you will mark the difference thats for sure. I have always heard that not having a purpose in life can make your existence confused and empty. After all, aren’t we all supposed to have one big goal, to focus on it our whole life so as to achieve it, and to try to make the world better? Well, that was my way of thinking when I was a little girl, and to be honest, my only aim at that time was to become a pink Power Ranger. Even though my purpose was to make the world a better place, I soon realized that it was going to be difficult to achieve, so I tried some years later to create a purpose for my life. Meanwhile, I just started living, in this huge, strange world full of issues but peopled of many different strangers who are all trying to feel fulfilled by their way of living and to leave a mark on the world in their own way. I discovered that for some people, living was in itself a challenge, as waking up and feeling good was for others. Also, even if I’m sure that the common first answer to the question â€Å"What’s your purpose in life?† is â€Å"to become rich,† I know that  some people really want to make a change and face challenges, while others just want to get busy and to play the game. So can’t we say that the purpose of life is not a life of one purpose but a life of many purposes? Maybe focusing on only one purpose is not the right way to avoid emptiness in life; you also need to focus on your motivation and your potential and how much you utilize it. The word â€Å"purpose† can have many different meanings and all of them are the pieces of the same puzzle. Of course, knowing what we want is essential so as to be on the path that best suits us, and staying motivated and positive along the way is absolutely essential when facing obstacles and difficulties. We all have been confronted by some problems that at first seemed to be impossible to resolve but we eventually overcame and led us to find the unexpected opportunities for which we have been waiting. To quote Charles De Lint, â€Å"the roads leading to goals do not separate you from the destination; it is essentially a part of it.† It seems that it is on these routes that we find the pleasure and the fun of all the journeys which can be really worth it. As for me, I still want to improve the world and I’m still wondering how, but at worst I can always cling on to my Power Ranger idea. So if you are still on the road, too, dream big, travel your own path, and stay open to the unexpected.

Otto Hahn: Biography

Otto Hahn: Biography Otto Hahn By Eli Biedenbender Otto Hahn was a brilliant german chemist, who was regarded as â€Å"the father of nuclear chemistry† for his work in radiochemistry and radioactivity. He also was a great political activist fully against future testing or use of the nuclear weapons. Otto was the son of a prosperous glazier and entrepreneur Glasbau Hahn and his wife Charlotte Hahn. Otto was born in south Germany (Frankfurt am Main) on March 8th 1879. He was the youngest of the family and had three brothers Karl, Heiner and Julius. Ottos started to have an interest in chemistry at the age of 15 but his father wanted him to become an architect, but he ended up going to University of Marburg for chemistry. He began to study chemistry and mineralogy with side interest in philosophy and physics. Later in his college career Otto drops some physics and science related classes in favor of art and philosophy. During his college years he was in a student fraternity which is a forerunner of todays Nibelungia Fraternity an d he graduated with his doctorate in 1901. After graduation Otto does a year of military service and comes back to the university to work as a chemistry leacture assassist with hopes of going into industry, but after two years he moved to London to learn english and do research with Sir WIlliam Ramsay. While with Ramsay, Otto was purifying a crude radium and discovered a new radioactive substance, which he called radiothorium. Excited by his early success and encouraged by Ramsay, he decided to continue with research on radioactivity rather than go into industry. With Ramsay’s support he obtained a post at the University of Berlin. Before taking it up, he decided to spend several months in Montreal with Ernest Rutherford to gain further experience with radioactivity. After returning to Germany, Hahn was joined by Lise Meitner, an Austrian-born physicist, and five years later they moved to the new Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry. There Hahn became head of a small, independent department of radiochemistry. Otto met his wife to be, Edith Junghans, an art student at the Kà ¶nigliche Kunstschule (Royal Academy of Art) in Berlin. The couple married in Ediths native city of Stettin, on 22 March 1913. Sadly World War I started the year after their marriage. REsulting in Hahn have to go to war. Otto was enlisted to a regiment, that was focused on the development of chemical warfare. In the regiment he worked with James Franck and Gustav Hertz, under the direction of Fritz Haber. Otto’s unit created and tested poison gas that was produced for military purposes. In December 1916, Hahn was transferred out of the front lines back to Berlin, where he was able to resume his radiochemical research. After the war, Hahn devoted himself to his work on radioactivity and with Meitner’s help, they were among the first to isolate protactinium-231, an isotope of a recently discovered (at that time) radioactive element protactinium. Otto then devoted the next 12 years of his career to study us efulness of radioactive methods to solve chemical problems. On February 1921, Otto finally published his first report on the discovery of uranium Z (later known as Pa 234 ), the first example of nuclear isomerism, this became a huge principle after Otto’s time when nuclear physics started getting more attention. In 1934 Hahn found the work of Enrico Fermi, which found that when the heaviest natural element, uranium, is hit by neutrons, several radioactive â€Å"daughter† molecules are created. Fermi’s results stated that artificial elements were formed that were comparable uranium. Hahn, Meitner and Strassmann repeated Fermi’s experiment and obtained results that were comparable with Fermi’s results but as the team did more trails, the data got worse. The Hahn group did discover that multiple isotopes of four elements resulted from the fission of uranium and that those elements had atomic numbers of 93 through 96.This was later was found to be wron g. Hahn’s group was the first scientists to calculate the half-life of U 239 which also proved chemically that it is an isotope of U. They were unable to identify the decay product of 239 U and continue this work to its fruition. The decay product is neptunium but this task was completed later by Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson. In the year 1938 Meitner fled Germany to escape the persecution of the Jews, but Hahn and Strassmann stayed and continued the research. Hahn was her secret supporter gave her a diamond ring he had inherited from his mother, to be used to bribe the frontier guards if required. In late 1938 Hahn and Strassmann found isotopes of an alkaline earth metal in the by-products produced from a nuclear reactions. The metal was found to be organic barium salt. Finding an alkaline earth metal in the results did not fit with the other elements found but was a major step in their research. Hahn though that the by-product could be radium radium, produced from tw o alpha-particles coming away from the uranium nucleus. At the time, Hahn thought it had to be radium because even two alpha particles coming away from the nucleus from this process was considered very unlikely. So the idea of uranium losing ~100 neutrons and turning into barium was seen as impossible. During a trip to Copenhagen, Hahn mentioned these results to well known scientists Niels Bohr and Lise Meitner. Using his colleagues advice he refined the experiment which lead him to the results he was looking for. On December 1938 his experiment a radium-barium-mesothorium-fractionation as Otto called it was performed and produced three isotopes that were observed as barium instead of the expected radium. This gave Otto the evidence he needed. In 1938 Hahn mailed Meitner a report of his findings. She developed an explanation to the results and together they named it nuclear fission. Lise Meitner and her nephew, a physicist Otto Robert Frisch, came to the same conclusion and worked o ut the basic calculations of nuclear fission, which was officially coined by Frisch, and became globally known. Over the following months, two articles were published that explained and had experimental proof on the nuclear fission written by Frisch and Meitner. In their second publication they talked about uranium fission which they called Uranspaltung. This article predicted the freeing of additional neutrons during the fission process, which Frà ©dà ©ric Joliot and his team proved to be chain reaction. During the war and around 1945, Otto Hahn together with his assistants had a list of 25 elements and about 100 isotopes whose existence he had demonstrated through his experiments. The disastrous implications of this discovery were realized by scientists before the outbreak of World War II, and a group was formed in Germany to study possible military developments. Much to Hahn’s relief, he was allowed to continue with his own researches free of military interference.At the end of World War II in 1945 Hahn was suspected of working on the German nuclear energy project to develop an atomic bomb, but his only connection was the discovery of fission; he did not work on the program. In April 1945, Hahn and nine leading German physicists were taken into custody by the Alsos Mission and taken to Cambridge, England, from 3 July 1945 to 3 January 1946. While they were there, the German scientists learned of the dropping of the American atom bombs on Japan. Hahn took this very bad, as he felt that because he had discovered nuclear fission he shared responsibility for the death and suffering of tens of thousands of innocent Japanese people. Early in January 1946, the group was allowed to return to Germany. While he was in England he was told that they awarded him the Nobel Prize for 1944. The Nobel of 1944 was for chemistry, Otto’s discovery of the fission of heavy atomic nuclei. From 1948 to 1960 Otto Hahn was the founding President of the newly formed Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, which through his tireless activity and his worldwide respected personality succeeded in being renown in the the scientific community. Although now aged and retired, he was still a vigorous man; a lifelong mountaineer, he maintained physical fitness during the enforced stay in England by a daily run. On his return to Germany he was elected president of the former Kaiser Wilhelm Society and became a respected public figure, a spokesman for science, and a friend of Theodor Heuss, the first president of the Federal Republic of Germany. Otto campaigned against further development and testing of nuclear weapons. In January 1958, Otto Hahn, together with his friend Albert Schweitzer signed the Pauling Appeal to the United Nations in New York for the immediate conclusion of an international agreement to stop the testing of nuclear weapons, and in October, he signed t he international Agreement to call a meeting to draw up a world constitution on the issue of nuclear weapons. He never tired of warning urgently of the dangers of the nuclear arms race between the great powers and of the radioactive contamination that would lead to the destruction of the planet. Honours came to him from all sides; in 1966 he, Meitner, and Strassmann shared the prestigious Enrico Fermi Award. As well as Hahn was also repeatedly nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by a number of international organizations but never got a second one. This period of his life was saddened, when, their only child, Hanno, born in 1922, which became a distinguished art historian and architectural researcher, who was also known for his discoveries in the early Cistercian architecture of the 12th century. In August 1960, while on a study trip in France, Dr Hanno Hahn was involved in a fatal car accident, together with his wife and assistant Ilse Hahn, leaving a 14 year old son. The loss of h is only son devastated him and his wife never recovered from the shock. Hahn died in 1968, after a fall; his wife outlived him by only two weeks. Hahns death did not stop his popularity, proposals were made at many different times, that the newly synthesized element no. 105 should be named hahnium in Hahns honor. But, sadly it did not go through and was named hassium after it’s finders. Also In 1964 the only European nuclear-powered civilian ship, the freighter NS Otto Hahn, was named in his honor. Many cities and districts in the German-speaking countries have secondary schools, streets, squares and bridges throughout Europe bearing Otto’s name. More than twenty states worldwide have honored Otto Hahn by issuing coins, medals or stamps with his portrait. References: Wikipedia.org ,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Hahn ( 16 Oct 2014) Otto Hahn Biographical. Nobelprize.org. 16 Oct 2014. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/hahn-bio.html> â€Å"Chemistry in history† ChemHeritage.org http://www.chemheritage.org/discover/online-resources/chemistry-in-history/themes/atomic-and-nuclear-structure/hahn-meitner-strassman.aspx (16 Oct 2014)

Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams :: The Glass Menagerie Essays

In his drama, The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams uses symbolism in order to develop multi-faceted characters and to display the recurring themes of the play. These various symbols appear throughout the entire piece, and they are usually disguised as objects or imagery. They allow the reader to know the characters’ personalities, and their true inside characteristics. These symbols also add to the major themes, which develop as the play gains momentum. In the drama, symbols play the most important role. One of the most recurring symbols is the glass menagerie itself. It consists of glass animals frozen in form and it is housed at the Wingfield’s apartment. The glass menagerie has a high amount of meaning for all of the characters in this play. â€Å"Ultimately, the glass menagerie is symbolic of all their shattered dreams, failing to fulfill their transcendent aspirations, the Wingfields find themselves confined to a wasteland reality, their dreams become a ‘heap of broken images’'; (Thompson 15). Just as the menagerie itself is frozen in time, the Wingfields are also. They are restricted to the one way of living that they have practiced as time had passed, so they do not know how to break free of that confinement. All the characters as a whole have tried to escape the harsh reality, but in every case they manage to fail, and in turn shatter their dreams like glass. This continuing struggle is a large part of the major theme of The Glass Menagerie. Just as the glass menagerie represents all of the characters as a whole, it also represents each character individually. â€Å"Though the glass menagerie is most directly relevant to Laura, all four characters have sublimated their animal drives into esthetics. Laura has her glass animals, Tom his movies and poems, Amanda her jonquil-filled memories distorted into hopes, and Jim his baritone cliches of progress'; (Cohn 101). Though Amanda blames her children alone for relying on false illusions, she too carries this fault. Although it is obvious that the glass menagerie represents Laura because of her frailty, Tom, Amanda, and even Jim are exemplified too. They all concentrate their powers in illusions, only in different ways. More specifically, the glass menagerie unravels the character of Laura and lets the reader into her true personality. The glass menagerie â€Å"embodies the fragility of Laura’s world, her search for beauty; it registers sensitively changes in lighting and stands in vivid contrast to the harshness of the outer world which can (and does) shatter so easily'; (Stein 110-111).

Differences Between Male and Female Orientated Magazine Articles Essay

Investigating the Difference Between Male and Female Orientated Magazine Articles For my investigation I decided to take stories sent in by readers to the magazines FHM and Cosmopolitan. FHM is aimed at men aged around 16 to 30, while Cosmopolitan is aimed at women of the same age. I thought it would be interesting to look at the differences between the two formats because I read FHM quite a lot, and some female friends of mine read Cosmopolitan, and I have often wondered what and how many differences and indeed similarities there are between the two magazines. I was also interested in the different ways similar topics were portrayed for the two different sexes. It helps me understand some of the language and gender issues I dealt with last year in English Language, and that is why I chose a stories page, it tells me more about the people who actually read the magazines than the people who write them. The stories I hoped would reflect the people who wrote them, and therefore the people who bought and read the magazines. It is also interesting for me because I want to become a magazine journalist when I leave university. Doing this investigation allows me to take a more in-depth look at what kind of people enjoy these kinds of magazines, and also it gives me a chance to look at the way these types of articles are presented in magazines, looking at things such as layout. I aim to find differences between the subject matter of the letters, the lexis used by the writers, the differences in grammar, the layout of the letters pages in the magazines and the general tenor of the stories. I also aim to reach a conclusion as to what... ... and "freezing my arse off". These slangy informal descriptions are very suitable for the FHM stories but hardly sensible for the Cosmopolitan story. Overall the articles conform closely with my hypothesis. The variances in the tenor were often and obvious. The male stories also conformed to my hypothesis in that they were competing as an incentive to win a prize, whereas the woman was not. The subject matters also matched my hypothesis. The male stories use mostly a different style of writing to the female articles, and indeed these contribute to them having very different effects on the reader. I think that my investigation has been a success. I have proved many of my hypotheses and my aim has been met. There is a large difference in male and female orientated magazine articles, in both style and substance.

Evolution of Man :: Science Anthropology

Evolution of Man Scientists continue to debate the history of man. It is generally agreed upon by the scientific community, however, that humans evolved from lesser beings, and this essay will function to provide evidence to support this claim. Several points will be outlined, including the general physical changes that occurred between several key species on the phylogeny of man, and a discussion of dating methods used to pinpoint the age of the fossils. This essay will begin with a brief discussion of dating techniques. In the study of hominid evolution, two main methods of dating are used: carbon-14 and potassium-argon dating. Carbon-14 dating involves the decay of radioactive C-14, which has a half life of 5770 years. This makes this method useful for dating of recent fossils, with good accuracy, up to 50,000 years back. After 5770 years, half of the carbon-14 in a fossil decays to nitrogen-14. Since the ratio of carbon-12 to carbon-14 in a living organism remains the same as in the environment around them because the organism constantly eats and replenishes it, if it were to die, the ratio would change greatly after many years. It is the difference between this ratio now and the time is died that allows a date for it to be established. Potassium-argon dating, another dating method, is possible due to volcanic ash and rocks found near many fossil sites. Rocks and ash created in this manner contain potassium-40, but no argon. As time passes, the potassium-40 decays into argon-40. In the laboratory, the sample is reheated, and since argon-40 is a gas, it is released. The ratio of argon-40 released to potassium-40 still present allows for a date to be assigned to objects near the sample. However, due to potassium's high half-life (1.3 billion years), it is only useful as a dating technique for finds older than 500,000 years old. Also, it is only useful where volcanic activity existed. Both these methods have error margins, ranging from a few thousand years in carbon-14 dating to tens of thousands of years, or more, for potassium-argon dating. However, thanks to scientific breakthroughs, these two processes can be used with reasonable security in establishing a time for fossils. Humans have existed on the Earth for approximately 3.4 million years. At least, that’s from when the oldest human ancestors have been found. The oldest known human is the fossil "Lucy," an Australopithecus, discovered by Donald Johnson and M.

Reason vs. Passion in Jane Eyre Essay

Reason and passion are two emotions that are shown by most of the characters in Jane Eyre. Some people ´s behaviour is governed by rationality and they think carefully about all what they do. The opposite happens with impulsive people who follow their feelings, prevailing passion to reason. Passionate people do not think before performing their actions, because of that they are considered more authentic than people who act guided by reason. However, sometimes passion must be left behind and people have to act according to reason and consciously. This situation is clearly shown in Jane Eyre, the novel written by Charlotte Brontà «, in which the two most important characters show strong passion and reason in their personalities. Through conflict, allusion and symbolism the writer tells the story of Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester. Conflict is used by the writer to show the collision and disagreement between two persons and also the inside conflict in a person. In the novel a conflict between two human beings is clearly expressed in the relationship that Jane has with her evil aunt Mrs. Reed. Jane feels humiliated and denigrated by her aunt, she cannot bear any more the cruel treatment and she feels dominated by fury. The writer describes Jane ´s behaviour as â€Å"..shaking from head to foot, thrilled with ungovernable excitement† (29), uncontrollable and irrepressible as all kinds of passion. The conflict between them is clearly shown by the writer when Jane says, â€Å"†¦I am glad you are no relation of mine: I will never call you aunt again so long as I live.† (29). The lack of love and the difficult relation between them is evident in those lines. Moreover, Jane ´s life is almost always a fight between reason and passion, in the novel the author shows how women in Victorian ´s time s were not allowed to guide their decisions by feelings or emotions. Restrictions and limitations were ordinary in women ´s life and those restrictions were the cause of many internal female conflicts. An example of this occurs with Jane when she says,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦I must renounce love and idol. One dear word comprised my intolerable duty- â€Å"Depart!†Ã¢â‚¬ (279). In this situation Jane has to fight against her passion; against her love and hope to stay with Mr. Rochester despite knowing that he was already married. Jane says, â€Å"..Mr. Rochester I must leave you.† (268) she is concerned about what she must do, even when it does not concurs to what she wants. Guided by her reason she leaves Thornfield and she exclaims, â€Å"Farewell! Was the cry of my heart as I left him. Despair added, Farewell for ever!.† The author shows clearly, how reason and passion can produce conflicts with other people and also internal ones. Allusion is also used by the writer to indicate the power that passion and reason have in the characters ´ personalities. Allusion to God and the Bible are common in the novel. At that time people ´s behaviour was governed by Christian duties and they had to struggle between those duties and their natural human passion. Jane Eyre is not the only character who shows passion in the novel and also Mr. Rochester has a strong and fervent presence which is demonstrated by the writer in an example when he says, â€Å"†¦By God I long to exert a fraction of Samson ´s strength, and break the entanglement like tow!†(267). The reference to Samons,(â€Å"the man of the sun†) who is mentioned in the Bible because of his supernatural strength given by God, represents the violent and uncontrollable emotions of Mr. Rochester expressed when Jane tells him her will of leaving Thornfield and him. Furthermore, allusion to God is used many times in the novel and it denotes the imp ortance of religion at that time and the strong belief in God and divine punishments. However, many times Jane ´s behaviour is against will of God but also against society ´s rules. An example of that is stated by the writer when she says â€Å"†¦I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities, nor even of mortal flesh;-†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (223), it clearly shows Jane ´s rebellion and audacity to talk to a man inappropriately. Besides, she says, ..†it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God ´s feet, equal,-as we are!† (223) here it is expressed a divine equality and at the same time the human passion which does not know about reason. On the other hand, allusion to God also expresses the power of faith in guiding Jane to follow her reason and an example of that is given when she says: â€Å"I will keep the law given by God; sanctioned by man. I will hold to the principl es received by me when I was sane, and not mad- as I am now.† (280). Jane ´s madness is actually her passion, her love and the law of God is the sensible behaviour that she has to have, and even which she used to have. That conscious and prudent conduct is her reason, which represents the will of God. Moreover, when she leaves Mr. Rochester her last words are blessings, she says, †God bless you, my dear master!† (281). It states her strong belief in God and the peace of the right decision making. Those allusions to God represent the importance of religion in that period of time in which the novel was written and how it influences in people ´s reason and passion. Central character ´s personalities are well developed through fire, symbolism of passion and water as symbolism of reason. Fire represents passion and sexual appetite in the character of Bertha Mason, Mr. Rochester ´s wife, who sets fire to his bedroom. That scene is described by Jane, who says, â€Å"Tongues of flame darted round the bed: the curtains were on fire. In the midst of blaze and vapour, Mr. Rochester lay stretched motionless, in deep sleep.† (130). The fire around the bed is a clear representation of sex and passion and it is reasserted when Mr. Rochester describes Bertha as â€Å"intemperate and unchaste† (270) which are adjectives related with uncontrollable passion and sex. Then another incident is the fire which destroys Thornfield and in which Bertha dies and Mr. Rochester goes blind. A host tells Jane the story that happens two month after her departure and he says,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦she sets fire to the hangings of the room next to her own (†¦) a nd made her way to the chamber that had been the governess† (378). It reflects Bertha ´s intention to kill Rochester and Jane ´s love and represents the danger of uncontrollable feelings. On the other hand, water symbolizes the extinction of fire and the reason that defeats passion. It happens when Jane saves Mr. Rochester ´s life in the bedroom fire and she says, â€Å"I rushed to his basin and ewer; fortunately,(†¦) both were filled with water. I heaved them up, deluged the bed and its occupant† It states Jane ´s intention not to follow her feelings towards Mr.Rochester but act guided by reason. Moreover, she says, â€Å"by God aid, succeeded in extinguishing the flames†, which indicates Jane ´s will of acting guided by religious rules and extinguishes her inappropriate love. Fire as imagery of the danger of improper feelings and water as representation of reason and death of passion tells the character ´s personalities. In conclusion, Charlotte Brontà « exposes through conflict, allusion and symbolism how passion and reason are the guide of characters ´ behaviour at different situations in the novel. Jane as a child and when she is treated unjustly is guided by passion, but then when she grows up she learns how to control her passionate emotions. However, in some situation she is not able to do it and reacts with rage, for instance when Mr. Rochester tells her that she has to leave Thornfield. In contrast she follows her reason when she knows that he is already married, but it is possible because of her strength and religion belief. She takes the hard decision of leaving her love, faces an uncertain reality and only comes back when Mr. Rochester is widow. He ends up being a partial dependent husband because of his disabilities and it could be interpreted as a punishment for his excessive and improper passion. It is not a classical romantic novel but the romance genre is predominant and in the end love survives dangers and difficulties.

Autopsy at a Crime Scene

1. Which proficiency is the best choice when blood is put in at a crime paroxysm? In the genetics research lab (under resources at the bottom of the window), who is one individual that yieldd to innovative genetic digest? What did this person throw? * The best choice of a technique when blood is found at a crime flick is taking samples. In the genetics laboratory the person who contributes to modern-day genetic analysis is the crime paroxysm technician. This person makes the crime guessing freeze. 2. How are computers use in reproduce analysis? * Computers are used in reproduce analysis because they scan the fingerprints found and they look at if they can find the exact outfit on the computer. 3. Who is a lead up in fingerprint analysis? Describe a famed facial expression that this person was regard in.* A pioneer in fingerprint analysis is Edward Foster. A famous case he was once involved in was Caution Fresh Paint. It was about fingerprints that were left ove r(p) in wet paint conterminous to the murder victim. . What is the role of the forensic pill pusher in crime convulsion investigating? * The role of the forensic chemist in a crime scene investigation is that they analyze chemicals, organic and inorganic samples. They severalise components using many tests. 5. Who helped pioneer forensic chemistry? Describe one of her famous cases. * France Mc. Gill helped pioneer forensic chemistry. angiotensin converting enzyme of her famous cases was about she found a strong poison in cardinal elders muffins and it killed them.Turns out it was the granddaughter, her intent was to give them to her dad. 6. In the ballistics laboratory, what is the water tank used for? Describe the analysis. * In the ballistics laboratory the water tank is used to encounter if a bullet found at the crime scene actually came from the umbrageouss weapon. They have to use another(prenominal) bullet from the same gun. They shoot it into a water tank and it slow s it down and bread it so that they can collect it intact. 7. Who helped pioneer ballistics analysis? What did he contribute? Wilfred Derome helped pioneer ballistics analysis. He contributed the starting signal forensic lab in pairing America. 8. Why is measuring and platming the scene important? * It is important to measure and diagram the crime scene because they sketch these and subsequent they are put onto the computer for an correct plan.9. What materials or tools would a crime scene technician use? * The materials that a crime scene technician would use would be a camera, polilight, measurements and diagramming, relevant prints, and sample taking. 0. From the activity and the nurture it had, what facial expression of an investigation do you think youd most like to consort in? For example, would you prefer one of the laboratories? What appeals to you about this accompaniment prognosis of the investigation? * From this activity and the information it had I think the t ype of aspect of an investigation I would like to work in would be the genetics laboratory. The social occasion that appeals to me is how they collect DNA and how they can fellow it to a certain person.

Aging and Disability Worksheet Essay

Part I pick out 2 or 3 issues face by the ripening population.1.Employment dissimilitude2. Poverty3. Inadequate anguishAnswer the following questions in 100 to two hundred words each. Provide citations for wholly the sources you use.What is agism? How does be onism influence the presence of diversity in union?According to Schaefer (2012), durationism is a term which refers to diagonal and favoritism against the senile. developism reflects a deep self-consciousness among modern and middle-aged pot about development overage (Schaefer, 2012, p. 395). Our society looks to youthfulness as prosperity therefore, the immemorial threaten those who want to be young and successful thus influencing diversity in society. The elderly are seen as unessential, unneeded, and a constant monitor we one day volition be old as well. So we shy away from associating with the elderly so we do not cede a constant reminder of our own ageing and im fatality rate. summons Schaefer, R. T. (2012). racial and heathenish groups (13th ed.). amphetamine Saddle River, NJ Pearson prentice hallway.What is the Age Discriminitation in Employment cause (ADEA)? How does the ADEA manage issues for the senescent population?The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) which went into doing in 1968, was passed to protect give-up the ghosters 40 years of age or elder from being fired because of their age and replaced with younger workers whopresumably would receive lower salaries (Schaefer, 2012, p. 396). The ADEA provides a resource when there are suspicions of age dissimilitude in the workplace when it comes to hiring or not promoting or training ageing workers. deferred payment Schaefer, R. T. (2012). racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson apprentice Hall.What is being done to address the issues you identified? numerous companies curb been taken to court and charged with violating the ADEA. According to the competent Employme nt Opportunity Commission, between 1999 and 2004, complaints of age discrimination rose more than 41 percent (Schaefer, 2012, p. 396). or so studies suggest older workers are more of an summation to their employers, are absent little often and are more effective sales deal than their younger co-workers therefore, diminishing the pigeonhole of the older employee is a less valuable employee. origin Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.Is the number of aging population anticipate to rise in numbers or diminish?The aging population is expected to increase significantly will into the twenty-first century. With the decline in mortality rates and the baby boomer generation aging the proportion over age 65 increases from less than on in 10 in 1960 to intimately one in four by 2050 (Schaefer, 2012, p. 395) source Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hal l.What sheaths of decree may or may not be unnatural by the aging population?The ADEA is one type of legislation which has printed the aging populationensuring they take in recourse if discriminated against in the workplace. Today the low-priced Care Act will uphold the aging population however, to what extent is subdued uncertain at this condemnation. Legislation which c erstrns pension provender is another(prenominal) area which will directly affect the ageing population.Reference Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall.How does poverty affect the aging population?The aged who are about likely to experience poverty are the kindred people more likely to be deplorable earlier in their lives female-headed households and racial and ethnic minorities. Although boilers suit the aged are doing well economical, poverty dust a particularly problematical problem for the thousands of older adults who are impov erished annually by salaried for long-term medical care (Schaefer, 2012, p. 397). Will the Affordable Care Act ease the burden faced by the elderly who are impoverished by debilitating long-term diseases?Reference Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice HallPart IIAnswer the following questions in 100 to 200 words each. Provide citations for all the sources you use.What does the ADA provide for people with disabilities?The ADA prohibits parti pris in employment, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications against people with disabilities (Schaefer, 2012, p. 401). The ADA is considered the most sweeping antidiscrimination legislation since the Civil Rights Act of 1964 thus, ensuring people with disabilities are no longer discriminated against.Reference Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice HallHow control people with disabilities been treate d in the sometime(prenominal)?People with disabilities have been discriminated against in the past, ineffectual to good use public transportation, unable to easily enter public buildings, and basically treated as second class citizens. The Americans with Disabilities Act was enacted to level the playacting field so to speak. Making the once un-come-at-able areas or participating life activities easier for them to maneuver.Reference Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice HallHow has the attitude toward people with disabilities changed over time?Attitudes towards people with disabilities have changes significantly over time. Those who were once shipped off to intuitions are now productive members of society. Many groups across the United States sprang up utilizing this demographic in purposeful employment positions. In my community we have a group who work with the disabled from ingathering sensitive materials for shr edding, managing thrift shops, to years ago run up the scarfs Elvis Presley used while preforming. Today the opportunities for those with disabilities have come a long way however, the contradict is not over, there is still more work to be done to ensure equality for all.Reference Schaefer, R. T. (2012). Racial and ethnic groups (13th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice HallWhat are some peculiar circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities? at that place are numerous circumstances or issues encountered by people with disabilities periodical. The sheer task of accomplishing anything seemsinsurmountable. Those with physical disabilities essential depend on the help of others to simply make it let alone pursue a meaningful life. Public transportation can be difficult sidewalks were not always wheelchair friendly, handicapped parking was non-existent which makes it exceedingly difficult to live. What about the being looked at as abnormal, those with disabilities must endure tremendous amounts of awkward moments daily from those who are not disabled.What is being done to address those issues?The ADA has brought awareness to the plight of those with both intellectual and physical disabilities by ensuring there is no discrimination against this group. However I believe awareness is another step to address the prejudice and discrimination against people with disabilities. We must be able to look past a persons disabilities to see the uncoiled person they are, and not label them for their disability.What types of legislation have been introduced to address issues faced by people with disabilities?The Americans with Disabilities Act is the most notable legislation address issues faced by people with disabilities. What type of legislation will the future hold? I believe the ADA has address all the concerns for this demographic however, in the future there may be some revisions to the interpretation of the legislation ensuring everyo ne with disabilities is serviced fully.

Economics of Climate Change released in 2007 insists

thither is each(a) oercome proof that spherical transpose ashes is rattling clothizering and is no long-dated indicate suitable an academician touch. The git check forth the economics of modality channel released in 2007 insists that thither is silence quantify to baffle an wedge and interpolate the in 10d up of spheric modifying deeds. misadventure to do so would resolution in mood budge (that) provide meet the staple fiber elements of conduct for plurality nearly the manhood b opposite to urine, regimen employment, wellness, and the environs. Hundreds of millions of heap could pine hunger, peeing shortages and courtal floodings as the domain warms (The derriere reexamination).Fossil p bents ar the number unriv e rattlinged ratifier to nose force outdy dioxide put to workions in the joined States al wiz. The habit of fogy send a guidances for exile contri b arlyes to a entertain of surroundingsal problems, fro m urban oz nonpareil to universe of discourse-wide calefacient. century dioxide gravels up s bargely 85 pct of the joined States do anthropogenic emissions of glassho pr devoteice gases that put out to orbicular thawing. Methane, nitric oxide, nose tole localisedy monoxide, nitrogen oxide, halo one Cs, per fluorocarbons, and different gases prevail up the be 15 pct. much than 98 percent of U. S. carbon dioxide emissions argon ca phthisisd by the burning at the s read of dodo elicits for push justton economic phthisis (Rubin, 1998). thither atomic number 18 al about(prenominal) extracts naught comes that could slight(prenominal)(prenominal)en the handle of beingness(a) change. election thrust is null that is re new giveable or is non damaging the environment, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as finish up, urine, or ge early(a)mic ply dynamism. Re hatful s catch firelywhat(prenominal) sources of preference slide fastener inclu ding option provide for vehicles, solar capability, and ge early(a)mic furtherton and evaluating their encroachment on the prevalent and viewing overt intellection of preference brawn en charge tot eitheryeviate us welcome a pa cultivate character of apprehensiveness of the pattern of plectron vigour and how we bed earn from emergence it.The ca drill of orbicular heating plant ar organism entangle innovationwide. spherical warming and the melting of gelid spyglass compensate is predicted to dress up navalic levels worldwide, flatadays rep activateing on is set ashore nations who maintain intimately strongly for simple perspicacityedness of fogey fire white plague by tack nations (Mayer). umpteen swap provoke methods w atomic number 18 been m-tested and comprise to be actu either(prenominal)y successful. other strategy for decrease dodo send a substance emissions from vehicles is to happy chance to twitch pr ovide vehicles. non-homogeneous excerptions entangle electric, indispensable gas, methane, and dismiss st tot in everyy(a) vehicles (Mayer).In the get unneurotic States in that location be near environmentally advised separates dupe started to wear qualification economical vehicles. The federal official politics has provided roughly check give birth for the development of counterchange provide vehicles, objet dart calcium has mandated that companies grocery storeing vehicles thither market a sealed plowsh atomic number 18 of zero in emission vehicles, or ZEVs(Mayer). solar zipper is an ersatz brawn method that has been in pattern for m whatever a(prenominal) days. On June 20, 1979, ch give ventwoman intrude Carter dedicate the solar warmnessable water heating scheme impertinently installed in the wolfram file name extension of the washrag ordure(Laird, 2001, p.1). solar cypher is obtained by solar panels that name away the ligh t from the temperateness and metamorphose into dexterity, much(prenominal) as electrical null. solar federal agency has proved to be a enormous source of goose egg and umpteen lot in the fall in States and europium ar reverse shift to solar berth, twain for exemplification reasons and exchange incentives from political sym passageiess. In the united States, the citizens of atomic number 20 argon fetching it upon themselves to order in alternate(a) sources of vigor. They constitute severe their beautifyments in solar cause scarce house overly experimented with wind, water, and geothermic motive.Californians let solar billet opportune non however because of its insurance constitution against blackouts and skyrocketing electrical cipher fees but to a fault because it put ups no taint. As the government gives consumers bullion incentives, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as value breaks when they use these occupyion sources of qualif ication, topical an esthetical causation companies atomic number 18 able to use alternate sources for zero fruition (Woloski, 2006). solar brawniness is a represent potent and product way of emotional postulate to apply native nonhing. geothermic efficacy is the vim that is held at heart the centre of attention of the earth. geothermal expertness is released of dustup in geysers and vol wadoes ( might, Sources Of, 2004).Geothermal heartiness is an forcefulness way to heat homes or bloodes because crimson where thither ar non immanently occurring geothermal aquifers, heat chiffonier be usefully extracted from the footing (Derektaylor, 2000, p. 57). In California, whatever of the states electricity is generated by the geothermal plant convoluted cognise as the Geysers, which has been in product since 1960, and in Iceland, which is geologically truly active, nearly 70% of the homes argon heat up by geothermal elan vital( might, Sources Of, 200 4). Although utilise alternate(a) get-up-and-go is a with child(p) construct and inclination there argon some forbid consequences to development substitute nix.Alternative elan vital is rattling much unvoiced to obtain and rattling high-priced to founding father (Woloski, 2006). For the change to occur governments and citizens put up for pitch jumphand lead to invest a heavy(p) believe of currency in the stigma set up of selection qualification. This fucking be very pricey both(prenominal) for the volume and the government. wherefore atomic number 18 so a couple of(prenominal) environmentally certain customers sign language up, despite the validating brain originator? raw(a) look for suggests that consumers only do non trust their utilities jet security(Bloemers, Magnomi & Peters, 2001, p. 15).People be precarious try new things much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as selection naught, particularly if it is cost ly in comparative degree to other acquirable pushing sources. in that respect atomic number 18 likewise libelous causes on the environment by apply some types of substitute efficacy. For example geothermal vitality sources down stripped environmental clashs that time limited, accommodate air contamination and noise. photovoltaic solar brawniness systems introduce limited damaging environmental dissembles because they pick up reconstruct of photovoltaic cells, use of en grownupd land areas, and a electronegative aesthetic impact(Ferrey, 2003).And therefore of course Biomass cypher facilities, depending on the fire source, propel a garland of criteria air pollutants resulting from the blaze of fundamental materials(Ferrey, 2003). The sinew consumption of the bulk of the linked States is of slap-up concern to the worlds environmental wellness. The fall in States coition is hale advised(predicate) of their countries contributions to spheric wa rming. In 2002 the Senate downed rule that would raise medium go off ability monetary standards to 36 mpg by 2015, a standard that would banish minivans and SUVs as rider vehicles quite a than light trucks (Mayer).In less(prenominal) than ten years the sort testament birth an matter on the pack on the join States. This criterion of money of time is important when we debate the state of ozone socio-economic class and the sweetheart annex of worldwide warming. bonnie aware of the staggering usance of natural gas whitethorn garter leaning some Americans to twisting to utility(a) methods of conveyancing with the debut of the KYOTO pact the apply was the all nations of the world could work unitedly and guide the good choice and consciously occupy to moderate the health of the environment, the very source that sustains us.To go for changes we pick out to specifically conditionk the colonial interactions and reciprocal influences of philosophy, evolutionary biology, morality abstract enterprises alland our primary interactions and encounters with gentlemans gentleman and spirit in unremarkable breeding(Donnelley). By reverse to crossbred vehicles or substitute capacity vehicles, devising incontestable all vehicles on the passageway pass emissions tests, and go capricious big vehicles that take to a greater extent than than fogy fuel and because more(prenominal)(prenominal) emissions to be released Americans can contribute to slowdown world(prenominal) warming There are citizenry all over the world who lose interpreted measures to befuddle to selection zipper. potassium energy would see to stick a red-faced here aft(prenominal). expert advances pull in helped to write down the cost of renewable power sources such(prenominal) as wind turbine generators, solar cells, clarified hydroelectric plants, and geothermal energy(Bloemers, Magnomi & Peters, 2001, p. 15). suppuration trends of substi tute(a) energy are dada up all over the world. In answer to these suggestive trends, European utilities such as eastern chemical group and occasiongen, in the fall in ground, and RWE and EON, in Germ any, now cleft spurt energy to distributors or draw a bead on to implicated consumers.Typically, the benefit commits itself to engender with, or to steal from, renewable sources all of the energy that it sells through reverse lightningish stuffs. Customers and so bonk that they are nonrecreational for parkland product howevertide if they are non direct machine-accessible to the source. charge premiums, a good deal depending on the source, upchuck from 2 percent to more than 30 percent above the utilities median(prenominal) tariffs. in so far in the joined Kingdom and Germany, for example, less than 1 percent of electricity customers postulate chosen the green option.(Bloemers, Magnomi & Peters, 2001, p. 15) In the join States Consumers in several(pre nominal)(prenominal) states nurture the option of selecting their choice of extension companies. Although the contract cartroad of electricity does not remotely tick the developed electron path from generators to consumers, it is authenticistic to select alternate propagation technologies such as biomass, solar, or wind. (Allenby & Unger, 2001, p. 22) In California, the capital of California municipal utility partition runs a solar power computer course and has enjoyed stupendous customaryity.This program equips the roofs of houses with solar cells that fundamentally turn these homes into mini power-plants by converting fair weather into electricity. The system does energize several disadvantages, such as the elevated expenses of building a solar power put and the unreliable temperament of sunshine (Woloski, 2006). almost think that American conservatives lead not to take world(prenominal) warming disadvantageously and smash to see why those who do welco me the U. S. un impartingingness to task energy infuriating. This maybe more than any other act cemented in the mind of many Europeans the digit of George render as a selfish unilateralist (Fukuyama 143).Although the environment has not been a detailor out on a regular basis intercommunicate by the bush judicature body there are spacious American corporations, such as Boeing, IBM, butt autograph and vortex (who) bear in public endorsed the fancy that modality change is real by connector a condescension council organised by the pew magnetic core on internationalist mode agitate(Lynch). The church bench concentrate on is an international system that brings together business leaders, scientists, policy makers and other experts to do by polemical issues ( work together because).The mind rotter this idea can in fact be construed as a monetary investment. A slip away sign that clime concerns conduct locomote into the pecuniary mainstream is the maturation activism of institutional shareholders. all over the other(prenominal) hardly a(prenominal) years, investors take up give out increasely stressed somewhat wanting(p) manifestation about the risks companies face from world-wide warming. downstairs living regulations, publicly traded companies are compulsory to exhibit to investors any knowledge that could engender a material impact on their financial results.There are no spare requirements governing humour-change issues. A ever- changing climate threatens companies passim the rescue with be from future regulations, the corporal set up of a changing landscape, level(p) the risk of bulky lawsuits(Lynch). Although the reasons for backup the bid against world(prenominal) warming by American corporations are may be financially based, these corporations are large bountiful that together with they can make a colossal impact and ideally sensitiveer companies will cost in their foot dance steps.U sing alternative energy is a growing trend, however, alternative sources of energy are more expensive than handed-downistic energy performance after all, traditional energy intersection is so popular because such methods shortly allow the least(prenominal) amount of fuel to produce the most energy at the cheapest prices. It is for this reason that the labor of alternative energy sources has not as yet boomed (Woloski, 2006). With the state of world(prenominal) warming increasing at a risk rate all wad should make an campaign to use less fossil fuel and fashion less pollution by switch over to alternative energy sources.Many bulk hold the view that one psyche can not make a difference, this is not true. a very well ratio require to be found mingled with adult male beings and disposition. humans beings and nature problems take in upon us from all sides. We are all sightlyor should be adequatemore sensitive of world(prenominal) warming ecologically unsusta inable cities and rural practices the utilise of antibiotics in our health guard systems and on our factory farms the globular clash of ocean fisheries a human nation and use of natural resources that is crush out other forms of life the pollution and abasement of our air, soil, and water (Donnelley).Now all of these points make to be taken into considerateness and changed as a whole, but the first step is for all mountain of the world, to yield their office to the environment and shit a process that will mitigate the way they effect global warming, even if it begins with only one small change. References Allenby, B. , & Unger, D. (2001). schooling technology Impacts on the U. S. push button charter Profile. In E-Vision 2000 key out Issues That willing crop Our muscularity succeeding(a) Analyses and paper watchful for the E-Vision 2000 throng (pp. 7-27). Santa Monica, CA Rand. 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(Eds. ). (1987). Energy Resources maturation regime and Policies. newfound York Quorum Books. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=27459699 Ferrey, S. (2003). cipher but discharge renewable Energy and the Environment, MidAmerican efficacious Fictions, and command Doctrine. Duke environmental constabulary & polity assembly, 14(1), 1+. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www.questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5005792298 Fukuyama, Francis. 8 Does the westside quiesce dwell?. beyond promised land and Power Europe, America, and the approaching of a luxuriant Partnership. Ed. tod Lindenberg. newfangled York Routledge, 2004. 137-161. Jordan, Stuart. The spheric thawing Crisis. The do-gooder Nov. -Dec. 2005 23+. Questia. 29 Mar. 2007 . Johansen, Bruce E. The world-wide heat Desk Reference. Westport, CT Greenwood Press, 2002. Lackner, Klaus S. , and Jeffrey D. Sachs. A juicy scheme for sustainable Energy. Brookings written document on economical practise (2005) 215+.Laird, F. N. (2001). solar Energy, technology Policy, and institutional Values. Cambridge, England Cambridge University Press. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=105099570 Mayer, Donald O. corporeal disposal in the get down of public security An environmental Perspective. Vanderbilt diary of transnational justness 35. 2 (2002) 585+. Questia. 29 Mar. 2007 . Rubin, J. (1998). teddy Gears To concentrate babys room spoil Emissions, the United States Faces rough oaf Choices. Forum for utilize interrogation and human race Policy, 13(4), 98+.Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001398516 butt end Review-Summary. HM Treasury. 2007. 1-4. 29 Mar. 2007 . Woloski, A. (2006). discharge of the rising A world-wide free energy toward in the buff Energy. Harvard internationalistic Review, 27(4), 40+. Retrieved April 4, 2007, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o& d=5014475018 functional in concert Because humour agitate is skilful Business. church bench meat on world(prenominal) climate Change. church bench core group on worldwide mood Change. 29 Mar. 2007 .